Improvement in the manufacture of ornamental bars or rods of metal



SKTUDDENHAM.

Twisting Metals. No 111,097. Patented Jan. 17, I871.

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6 Sheets-Sheet 2. s. TUDDENHAM.

' Twisting Metals.

No-111,097.. Patented Jan 17; 1871.

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S. TUDDENHAM.

Twisting Metals. ,No 111,097. Paten'ted'lan- 17, I871.

6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

S. TUDDENHAM.

Twisting Metals.

No 111,097. Patented Jan. 17, I871;

6 Sheets-Sheet 5.

S. TUDDENHAM.

Twisting Metals. No 111,097. Patented Jan. 17, I871.

V 6 Sheets-Sheet 6. V S. TUDDENHAM.

Twisting Metals. 110111097. Patented Jan. 17, I871.

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STEPHEN TUDDENHAM, or LUWERMARSHIAMBETH, EN -Lan Letters Patent No. 111,097, dated January 17, 1871.

mPRovEMENr IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL BARS 0R RODS or ME AL.

The Schedule referred to in those Lam! 'Patent and ma'klirg part of the same.

I, STEPHEN- Tunnnunur, of Lower Marsh, nambeth, in-the county of Surrey, England, have invented Improvements in the Construction and Manufacture of Iron' or Metal Itails, Rods, or Bars, for balconies, gates; railings, pillars, standards, or columns, and other useful purposes, and also in the machinery emtployed therein. of which the following is a specified- This invention relates First, to the twisting (either singly or in groups)'l of bars or rods which have been previously specially prepared with dc'vices'that are subservientto the or? naments or form intended to be giventorthe completed bar or rod, and has reference also to the mode of applying orhamental bosses or sockets and scrolls to. such twisted bars; and,

.Secondly, to the machinery and means employed for twisting and finishing the said bars or rods.

In carrying my invention into. efi'ect I propose, first, to roll. straight bars orrods of wrought-iron or other ductile metal, 'of-such form or.cross-section-as may be required in order to produce a twisted bar or rod of the required ornamental figure.

When the rod or bar has been prepared by making it .of'the required sectional figure, I twist it by means of the machinery hereinafter-described, the bar or rod being either in a cold state, or, if necessary, heated,- accordiug to the quality of metal or form of the'crosssection.

By this process I produce extremely ornamental helical devices, superior in appearance to, and much stronger and tougher than, any that can be produced direct in cast metal by molding from patterns, because,

by properly designing the outline of the section of the prepared bars, I am able to produce, by the after process of twisting, various ornamental devices, the memhers of which may be mnch more under-cut,-the hollows much deeper, 'and the edges much sharper than the casting processwill admit of, and' the etfect prodnced is consequently more artistic.

In some casesthe various sectional forms-of the prepared rods or bars may have formed upon their surfacessuch ornamental devices as scrolls, flowers, leaves, or other projecting has reliefs, and then by giving the metal the requisite twist the appearance of the rods or rails will be greatly improved.

I also propose to employ, for some purposes, prepared bars or rods of steel, copper, or other metals, or' their alloys, and likewise to combine with iron or steel ornamental bars of copper, gun-metal, or brass, or other metal, so as to produce a still more ornamental article.

Although I have referred to the production of the ing, I sometimes employ preparedbai's or rods made being'afterward twisted, while in the case of castings V of gun-metal, or other 'sdft alloys or-metals, themetals may be .cast sufliciently ductile to enable it to be twisted without such process.

The rolled rods, firstreferredto, may-likewise have I ornamentalheads or pedestals cast on them, either before 'or-after twisting, any of which modifications of my invention can be'nrade to, produce; very highly'ornamentalarticl'es.

In some cases, before or after uvistingthe ornamental bars orrods, I, for some purposes, twist one or more of them round 'a mandrel or otherwise, or I twist one or'rnore of them together, so "as to produce anornamental hollow or solid helical column or standard..- v

Sheets 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing represent some examples ofthe devices produced by-this process, f

Figures 1, 3, 5, and 7 show elevations of straight rods before twisting, -(each of the ornamental sections shown at 1", 3", 5", and 7", respectively)" Figures 2, 4, 6, 8, show the effect produced. by twistiugthe said straight bars respectively, from which it will-be seen th'atan immense variety of designs may be produced by varying the outlineof the section of the straight bars.

-I further propose, when twisting several of .the prepared bars together, to lay them parallel, or to group them in such a posit-ion as will give the ornamental I effect required, and to hold such bars in their respective places,- while their ends are being welded together, by means of rings or ferrules, as shown at A in Figure 9, and small wedge or. filling-pieccs,a'a, applied to the ends thereof, in conjunction with lead strips in the intermediate portion, such lead strips or fillingpieccs and wedges being inserted between the fillets vor projecting ribs b b, shown also in the cross-section of one of the group of bars, detacherhat Figure 11, which have been previously formed on the bars.

0 is a central bar'or core of rectangular section, round which the prepared bars are arranged.

The ends of the bars, when made of iron or steel, arc

welded together along with the end filling-pieces a a,

but when a metal is used which is not capable of welding, then the ends may be secured by screw-clamps, or by brazing in lieu of ordinary ferrules. Screw-clamps are, however, in all cases employed-for keeping the several bars of the group in their respective places during the operation of twisting, these latter being placed at intervals, as shown at B B in Figures 9 and -10, along the group, and tend to equalize the twist gether so as to form a compound twisted bar, as shown in Figure 12, having either a solid or a hollow section.

lliese groups of twisted bars, as well as singletwisted bars, are in all cases twisted while in a cold state,

and are sometimes ornamented by having socket-pieces or bosses, 0', placed thereon, as shown in Figures 13 and 14, such socket-pieces or bosses being formed with an opening therein, of a shape corresponding to the section of the group or to that of the single bar, as the casemay be,'and are secured in their places'by the. act of twisting the bars.

Figure 15 is asection of two hars'placed back to back, which, when twisted together, produce' the design shown in' the upper part of fi 13.

Figure 16 is a section, showing the form and 'ar ran gemcnt of three bars dispos d round a triangular bar or core, 0, which, when twisted, produce the design shown in the lower part of fi 13.

v Figure 17 is a section of the single bar, which, when twisted, produces the design shown in fig. 14.

In order to prevent the socket-pieces or bosses, when of a weak section, from being burst open or split by the twisting of the bars, I support or'strengthen them, during the operation of -twisting, by means of screw-clamps or rings, D D, provided with screws, d d, (see Figure 18,)at each end, where practicable, suitable hearing or pressing-plates, e e, being interposed between the screws of the clampsandthe sides of the socket-pieces or bosses C.

. Further ornamental eiiects may be obtained by forming leaves or branches or scroll-work, E, upon such bosses, as shown in Figure 19, and by twisting.

into the group of bars branches or scroll-work carrying leaves, fruit, or flowers.

. In some cases I produce highly ornamentaltwisted metal-work by-eombining together bars of different sections and ofdifl'erent metals, as shown in Figures 20 and 21, wheref f are two .wrong'htiron bars, combined together ,with a fiat ban or rod of brass, g, formed with round,

square, or'other shaped bends or fillets on each edge,

the flatpart of the bar 9 fitting in betwecn'the bars f, the same being held together during the operation of twisting by the screw-clamps hereinbcfore referred to, placed at such intervals along the bars as to insure uniformity of twist.

One or other of the bars may have leaves, branches, or scroll-work formed thereon before it is twisted, whereby a further ornamental efiect will be produced.

Figures 22 and 23 represent the production of an ornamental device by combining together two or more bars twisted in opposite directions; and

Figures 24 and 25 represent correspondingsections of the bars so twisted and combined.

Figure 28, sheet 6, of my drawing, represents a side elevation of my improved twisting-machine for producing ornamental or other twisted work.

' It is here shown as a double machine, so as to be capableof twisting two bars in oppositedirections at the same time, or of twisting a right-handand leftkand thread on two portions of one and the same Moreover, with a view to regulating with greater accuracy theamount of longitudinal'tension on the gearing for actuating the two rotatory chucks G G.

These two chucks are each made fast on the respective ends of the tubular shaft D, working in suitable bearings E 13 in thc'poppet-head.

A dovetailed groove is .made diametrically across the face ofcach chuck, in which groove are fitted two grasping and firmly holding in a central position one end or other-portion of the bar to he twisted, the said holders a being tightened up andadjusted, sojas -to hold the bar in the axial center of the chuck by the tightening or adj usting gerews b b.

In my drawing I have shown the application or double driving-gear to the machine, but it is obvious that single gear may be employed, provided the power is suflicient to perform the work in hand.

This gearing consists of a spur-wheel,- F', fast on the tubular shaft D, and a second spur-wheel," F, and pinion, G, formed thereon, running loose on such' shaft.

H is a driving-pinion, sliding along a featheron the shaft I, and thrown into gear withthe wheel F or F, as the case may be, by means of a clutch-lever, K.

miter-wheel, M, which derives motion from the miterwheel N, fast on the driving or first-motion wheel 0, which works in the bracket-bearings P P, and is pro: vided with the ordinary fast-anddoose driving-pulleys The pinionG,before referred to, gears into thespurwheel R'fast on the shaft S,-which works'in the bearings T T.

This shaft S carries a pinion, U, which gears into the spur-wheel F fast on the, tubular shaft D.

The drawing, fig. 29, shows the gearing adjusted for double power, the rotatory motion of the chucks beion G, wheel R, pinion U, and wheel F. By simply moving thepinion II so as to bring it into direct gear with the wheel F, then the power will be reduced. In this latter case the pinion U may also be thrown out of gear with the wheel F, so as to leave the gearing F, G, It, and U at rest; or, in lieu of this arrangement, the pinions H and U may be both fast on their shafts I and S, and the shaft S, with its gearingR and U, made to slide to and fro by meansot' an eccentric motion .or sliding bearings worked by a single lever, whereby the wheel R and pinion U can be thrown in or out of gear with the pinion G and wheel F, as required, the wheels F and Fbeing connected together when single power is required bya locking-bolt or pin passing through them.

V is'the sliding headstock or'holder, shown also at Figure 31, which grasps the outer end of the bar to ho twisted, .the square-sided end of such bar being nipped in the rectangular opening 0, fig. 31, formed between the body of the headstock and the cap (1, which-latter is tightened by means of the-bolts e c.

Theopposite end of the said. bar is also griped betwecnthe adjustable dies or holders to a in the chuck O, and on imparting aslow and powerful rotatory motion to'such chuck the bar is gradually twisted to any desired extent.

In order to allow of the shortening of thc'bar during the twisting process, and, at' the same time, to exert/just so much resistance-t0 longitudinal contraction as will insure uniformity in the spirals, the headstock V is allowed to slide along its bed, but is con Figure 29 is a plan of machine corresponding adjustable dies' or holders, a a, .fig. 30, capable of s The shaft I works in hearings L L, and carries a ing transmitted through the pinion H, wheel F, pin-..

trolled in its movement by connecting it by a. chain, W, to a Windlass-barrel, X, the shaft of which works in bearings fixed to the end of the bed.

This shaft carries a brake-wheel, Y, round which a brake-strap, j; is passed and tightened, more or less, by the adjustable brake-lever, Z.

If twobars be required to be twisted at the same time in opposite directions, or if a singlebar is to be twisted in opposite directions at each end, by passing it through the tubular shaft D and holding it by one or other of the chucks O 0, a similar sliding headstock and brake will be fitted to the opposite end of the bed.

' I am aware that bars of rectangular section havebcen twisted, and'that gates have been made of such bars;-- I am also aware-that bars of various sections have been used in the manufacture oi twisted nails;- but the'invention herein described contemplates an article which is .ent-irely' distinct and dilferent from those above named, and which, as to design and ornamental efiect, is not suggested by'anything heretofore in use;

What I claim, therefore, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows 1. As a new article of manufacture, ornamental bars or rods, such substantially as herein shown and desciibed, made by twisting'bars or rods, previouslyprepared as to their shape, in cross-section and to their surface, with special. reference to the subsequent operation of twisting, and to the character or kind of ornamentationto result from such twisting, as herein set forth. V

2. The method of attaching socket-pieces or bosses to the bars,whether said pieces be plain or ornamentthis specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. STEPHEN TUDDENHAM.

'Witnesses:

ERED. WALKDEK,

47 Lincolns Inn'F-ields, London, Oms. MILLs, -7 Lincolns Inn Fields, London. 

